The introduction of Islam into sub-Saharan West Africa by the tenth century CE occurred through which of the following circumstances?

The introduction of Islam into sub-Saharan West Africa during the tenth century CE primarily occurred through diffusion along trans-Saharan gold and salt trading routes. These trading networks facilitated not only the exchange of goods but also the exchange of ideas and beliefs. As traders from North Africa and the Middle East traveled across the Sahara to engage in commerce, they encountered local populations and shared their Islamic faith.

The wealth generated from the gold and salt traded along these routes significantly increased the interaction between the Islamic world and West Africa. As Islamic traders and explorers made their way into the region, they established connections with local leaders and communities, leading to a gradual acceptance and integration of Islamic practices within those societies.

This diffusion process was critical in establishing Islam as a major religion in West Africa, influencing various aspects of life, including governance, trade practices, and cultural exchanges. The conversion to Islam among local rulers often led to further spread of the religion within their realms, creating lasting impacts on sub-Saharan West African society.