What does the adoption of the potato as a staple crop in Europe illustrate regarding human activity?

The adoption of the potato as a staple crop in Europe provides a clear illustration of the impact of agricultural innovation on population growth. The potato, originally cultivated in the Andean regions of South America, was introduced to Europe in the late 16th century. Its ability to thrive in diverse climates and its high caloric yield made it an attractive food source.

As populations across Europe began to incorporate the potato into their diets, it contributed significantly to food security. The increase in available calories allowed for improved nutrition, which, in turn, supported larger populations. Historical records indicate that regions that adopted the potato experienced notable population increases during the 18th and 19th centuries, as it helped to mitigate famines and sustain urbanization.

In contrast, the other options do not accurately reflect the broader implications of the potato's adoption in Europe. Soil alkalinity pertains to soil chemistry and fertility rather than direct human activity related to crop choice. Desertification involves the degradation of land, often due to overuse and climate factors, which isn't directly relevant to the introduction of the potato. The incidence of communicable diseases is more related to other factors like urbanization and sanitation rather than specifically linked to the cultivation of the potato.

Thus, the adoption of the potato highlights