Which issue contributed most to international conflict in North Africa and Southwest Asia during the twentieth century?

The issue that contributed most to international conflict in North Africa and Southwest Asia during the twentieth century is the presence of petroleum and competition for access to it. This resource became increasingly vital in global trade and politics, especially after World War II when technological advancements and increased dependency on fossil fuels fueled economic development.

Countries rich in oil, such as those in the Persian Gulf, have often found themselves at the center of geopolitical tensions, as major powers sought to secure their energy needs. The control over oil reserves has led to conflicts, both between states in the region and involving foreign nations. For instance, conflicts like the Gulf War were significantly influenced by interests in oil access and control.

Furthermore, the wealth generated from petroleum has had profound effects on the political landscape of the region, often leading to instability and rivalries, thus exacerbating existing tensions and contributing to both local and international conflicts. The strategic importance of oil has consistently made it a focal point of competition and conflict throughout the twentieth century.