Which philosophy did Karl Marx advocate?

Karl Marx advocated for Communism, which embodies the idea of a classless society where the means of production are collectively owned. His philosophy emphasized the struggle between the working class, or proletariat, and the bourgeoisie, or capitalist class. Marx believed that capitalism, with its focus on private property and individual profit, would inevitably lead to class conflict and societal inequalities. He argued that the working class should rise against the bourgeoisie to establish a system where resources and production are shared collectively, thus abolishing class distinctions. This revolutionary approach aims to create a society where each individual's contributions and needs are met, leading to social equity and the elimination of exploitation inherent in capitalist systems.

In contrast, the other philosophies mentioned do not align with Marx's views. While capitalism highlights individual ownership and profit, socialism seeks collective ownership, often within a state-controlled context, which differs from Marx's vision of a stateless society in the final phase of communism. Liberalism focuses on individual rights and personal freedoms, which contrasts with Marx's focus on collective action and societal structure.