Which two city-states fought in the Peloponnesian War?

The Peloponnesian War was a significant conflict in ancient Greek history that primarily pitted Athens against Sparta. This war, which lasted from 431 to 404 BCE, arose from the tensions between the two powerful city-states, each representing different philosophies, political systems, and spheres of influence.

Athens, known for its democratic form of government and naval power, was the leader of the Delian League, an alliance of city-states that sought to maintain security and economic dominance in the Aegean Sea. In contrast, Sparta was a militaristic oligarchy known for its land army and austere lifestyle, leading the Peloponnesian League, which was formed in response to what many saw as Athenian aggression.

The conflict was characterized by a series of battles, alliances, and shifts in power, ultimately resulting in the fall of Athens and a temporary Spartan hegemony over Greece. Understanding the motivations and characteristics of these two city-states provides insight into the broader context of Greek politics and society during this tumultuous period, making this answer not only correct but also informative about the broader historical framework.